Monday, 1 July 2024

IPC, CrPC, Evidence Act की जगह लाए गये 3 नये कानून, अधिवक्ताओं के संगठनात्मक शक्ति/संघर्ष करने की क्षमता की विहीनता को दर्शाते हैं

कल से देश में लागू 3 नये कानून (जो IPC, CrPC, Evidence Act) की जगह लाए गये हैं, अधिवक्ताओं के संगठनात्मक शक्ति/संघर्ष करने की क्षमता की विहीनता को दर्शाते हैं। जिन अधिवक्ताओं ने देश को आजादी दिलाने में अग्रणी भूमिका निभाई तथा संविधान / नागरिक अधिकारों की रक्षा करना ही जिनका पेशा है वो आज खुद का ही अधिकार नहीं बचा पाए।

किसी भी देश का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कानून होता है संविधान और फिर उसके बाद होते हैं क्रिमिनल जस्टिस सिस्टम (IPC, CrPC) के कानून। हमारे संविधान के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हैं मौलिक अधिकार (Fundamental Rights) उसमें भी सबसे महत्वपूर्ण हैं 19, 21, 22 और 25. और खास बात ये है कि ये जो क्रिमिनल जस्टिस सिस्टम के कानून होते हैं ये सीधे-सीधे मौलिक अधिकारों पर असर डालते हैं। मसलन अनुच्छेद 21 जीवन का मौलिक अधिकार और 41(A) CrPC. 41(A) CrPC बताता है कि किसी व्यक्ति को किस तरह और कब गिरफ्तार किया जा सकता है तथा उस समय किस बात का ध्यान रखना चाहिए। यानि क्रिमिनल जस्टिस सिस्टम के 3 कानूनों को संशोधित करना संविधान संशोधित करने जैसा ही है इससे देश के हरेक नागरिक के जीवन पर सीधा प्रभाव पड़ता है।

पर अफसोस की बात यह है कि इतने महत्वपूर्ण कानून हमारे संसद में कुछ घंटों की ही चर्चा और 140 सांसदों को निलंबित कर पारित कर दिया गया। जबकि इसके एक एक प्रावधान पर लंबी चर्चा होनी चाहिए थी। Congress ना सही कमसे कम BJP के सांसदों को तो अपना इनपुट देना चाहिए था। कोई नहीं तो भारत के भूतपूर्व मुख्य न्यायाधीश और मौजूदा राज्य सभा सांसद श्री रंजन गोगोई जो यही कहकर सांसद बने हैं कि वे न्यायपालिका से जूड़े मुद्दों पर संसद को अपना विशेष अनुभव और ज्ञान देंगे उनको तो एकाध धारा पर बोलना चाहिए था। पर ना तो वे संसद में हाजिर होते हैं और ना ही कोई प्रश्न पुछते हैं। 

इसके अलावा कई तकनीकी बातें भी हैं उदाहरण के तौर पर हो सकता है जो कानून का प्रावधान दिल्ली में आसानी से लागू हो जाए वो लद्दाख अथवा नागालैंड/केरल में मुनासिब ना हो। जो पुरुष पे लागू हो महिला, ट्रांसजेंडर अथवा दिव्यांगजन पर लागू ना हो सके। जैसे कि नये कानून में ट्रांसजेंडर पर्सन के विरुद्ध किये जाने वाले लैंगिक (सेक्सुअल) अपराध की कोई धारा नहीं है। मतलब किसी ट्रांसजेंडर पर्सन का रेप हो जाए तो भी यह कोई अपराध नहीं होगा। जबकि ऐसी कितनी घटनाएं उनके साथ रोजाना घटती हैं।

यह बात बिल्कुल सही है कि इन तीनों कानून (IPC, CrPC Evidence) में भारी बदलाव की आवश्यकता थी पर अफसोस तो इसी बात का है कि वो भी नहीं हुआ। पुराने कानून के लगभग प्रावधान हू ब हू कौपी पेस्ट मारा गया है बदलाव नाम मात्र का है। यानि अंग्रेजों का कानून हिंदी नामकरण के साथ बिल्कुल जारी है जैसे किसी गरीब व्यक्ति का नाम अमीर कुमार रख दिया गया हो और कह दिया गया हो आज से ग़रीबी खत्म। 

पर एक बात है बदलाव तो किया गया है कानून में और वो भी बहुत बड़ा जिसका भारी प्रभाव होगा वरना मुझे भी इस पोस्ट को लिखने की जरूरत नहीं होती। अबतक व्हाट्स ऐप यूनिवर्सिटी का ज्ञान आपके फोन में भी आने लगा होगा कि "302 हो जाएगा अब 103, 420 होगा 316 ......"। गुस्सा इसी बात का है जितने भी प्रावधान हैं उनका नंबरिंग पूरा बदल दिया है जबकि उसमें लिखी बातें ज्यों की त्यों रह गई। अब आज से सारे वकील, जज, पुलिसकर्मी, जेल प्रशासन, विश्वविद्यालय के छात्र और प्रोफेसर कल से बस एक ही काम करेंगे इन तीनों कानून की किताबों में unnecessarily अपना समय बर्बाद करेंगे। ठीक जैसे नोटबंदी में पूरा देश लाईन लगाकर नोट गिनता रहा और समय व्यर्थ किया पर काला धन आया नहीं। सच कहें तो CrPC में लिखी देश के नागरिकों की रक्षा करनेवाले प्रावधान तो वैसे भी लागू नहीं हो पा रहे थे अब ऊपर से ये नयी आफत? और एक बात कहनी पड़ेगी यहां पर कि नये कानून में कुछ बदलाव ऐसे जरूर हुए हैं जिससे पुलिस की शक्तियां और बढ़ गई हैं और नागरिकों की अब खैर नहीं जिसके कारण कई बुद्धिजीवी व सुप्रीम/हाई कोर्ट के अधिवक्ता नये कानून के बदलावों को ड्रैकोनियन (draconian) बता रहे हैं।

ये जो IPC, CrPC की पुरानी धाराएं थीं हम वकीलों व कोर्ट क्रिमिनल जस्टिस सिस्टम से जुड़े हर व्यक्ति के लिए एक भावना थी। कोर्ट के स्टाफ तो कानून की पढ़ाई करके भी नहीं आते सेवा में काम के दौरान प्रावधान सीख जाते हैं अब उनको हर रजिस्टर भरने से पहले जज से पूछना पड़ेगा। अब नये कानून फिल्म जगत को भी पढ़ना पड़ेगा। अब किसी भी सिनेमा का जज दफा 302 बा मशक्कत की सजा नहीं दे पाएगा‌। सुप्रीम कोर्ट/हाई कोर्ट के जितने भी फैसले हैं वो सब पूरानी धाराओं की संख्या के आधार पर ही हैं अब हम सभी वकील, जज और विद्यार्थी को 3 की जगह 6 कानून पढ़ने पड़ेंगे जीवन भर 3 पुराने और 3 नये। 

मैं एक बात दावे के साथ कह सकता हूं कि इन कानूनों को इस रूप में लाने का आइडिया किसी महामुर्ख इंसान ने दिया होगा सरकार को और पूरी प्रक्रिया में कोई भी जिला न्यायालय का अधिवक्ता या कोई भी अन्य अधिवक्ता भी नहीं बैठा होगा वरना कमसे कम नंबरिंग नहीं बदलने देता‌। एक‌ बात और मुझे टीस मार रही है नये कानून की एक धारा थी हिट एंड रन वाली जिसके खिलाफ ट्रांसपोर्ट संगठनों ने विरोध किया था जिसके फलस्वरूप वह प्रावधान लागू नहीं हुआ है, पर अधिवक्ताओं ने कुछ नहीं बोला, बार एसोसिएशनस ने कुछ नहीं बोला। ये अफसोस की बात है। इस देश के किसानों को लोग कृषि से जुड़े 3 कानूनों के फायदे सीखा रहे थे पर वे समझ गये थे और डटे रहे। ट्रांसपोर्ट संगठन भी‌ यही किये। ये दोनों कौमें तो वकालत की पढ़ाई भी नहीं की थीं। तो हम अधिवक्ता कानून का जानकार होने बावजूद भी क्यों चुप बैठे रहे? आज भी कहीं किसी बार एसोसिएशन या बार काउंसिल में कोई सुगबुगाहट तक नहीं है। जबकि अधिवक्ताओं की कौम देश की सबसे संगठित कौम है। खैर अब तो कानून लागू हो गये हैं असुविधा तो झेलनी ही पड़ेगी। फिर भी बोलना तो बनता है हमारा क्योंकि अब इस लोकतंत्र में हम भारत के लोग ही मिडिया हैं।

Sunday, 17 January 2021

Step by step Enrollment process for registration at Bar Council of Delhi as an Advocate

First step: Procure an enrollment Application Form.

First step is to procure an enrollment Application Form from office of Bar Council of Delhi at its Head Office, Siri Fort near Green Park Metro Station (about 1-3 kilometers- take auto for Rs.30-40) or from your nearest District Bar Association office.

Cost of Enrollment Application Form- Rs. 1000/- (not increased in 2021)
 
PS.  Payment option through Debit Card available and also desirable.

Second step: Procure all the required documents from your college. List of documents to be obtained from college and submitted during verification at BCD:

1. Attendance cum Character Certificate (to be submitted in original)-  D.U. provides a joint attendance cum character certificate while other may provide on two different pages. Both are equally valid either on a joint page or two different pages. But it is submitted in original at the time of verification.

2. Degree or Provisional Certificate (in original)- Photocopy of the original degree of Graduation (Mandatory), Masters (not mandatory, only marksheet sufficient to prove that you did masters and there was no gap in between Graduation and Law) has to be submitted. Provisional certificate is accepted only for Law Degree not graduation. And it has to be submitted in original.

2. Photocopy of the Consolidated Final Year Marksheet containing marks obtained in each semester or Semester wise/ Year wise marksheet of graduation, masters and law.- all are mandatory.

3. Affidavit- Either single or multiple affidavits. I opted for former. 
a. Gap Certificate- An affidavit providing reasoning for gap during education at anytime from 12th standard.
b. Intended place of practice- Usually, another clause is embedded along with the gap certifying affidavit that intended place of practice shall be Delhi. (but it is mandatory)
c. Undertaking for submitting unavailable documents within 30 days if not available (it can be given for any number of documents unavailable at the time of enrollment with a promise of submitting within time provided)
PS. For saving money get all of them in a single Affidavit. You can type it at home & get a printout from home in the format provided with the application form & get it notarised or else get everything done by a Notary.

4. Local Residential Proof of Delhi- Either local address proof Adhaar on your own name or Rent Agreement (to be submitted in original)+Photocopy of Aadhaar (of both tenant and landlord)

5. Photocopy of Marksheet of 10th (for proof of Date of Birth) and 12th along with Passing out Certificate (both are mandatory)

PS. All photocopy of documents have to be self attested, total of 8 color passport size photographs are needed- 3 will be pasted on application form & 5 to be tagged with the application form in an envelope available at BCD office at first page of application form. 

There are 2 modes for applying at the BCD either in Normal or by Circulation.
Normal mode- amount to be paid is lesser but takes more time. The forms are approved by the Enrollment Committee in its meetings (usually committee sits after every 10 or 15 days). If not in hurry opt this mode. You will be called in these meetings in proper uniform black tie, white shirt, coat etc.

If you opt for Circulation a.k.a Tatkal mode, amount charged is more but registration is mandatorily affected within 24 hours and there is no need to come for the meeting.

Amount to be paid- (w.e.f. January 2021)

Normal Mode- Rs. 14,300- for 3 year course, 20,000- for 5 year course, 35,000 for Retired Persons
Circulation Mode- Additional amount of  Rs. 5,000/- 
(Debit Cards accepted)


Third Step: Duly fill the application form containing form for enrollment, ID card & welfare fund:

Duly fill the application form as per instructions provided and get the "Certificate of Good Moral Character" (present in application form) filled & signed by any Advocate practicing in any court of Delhi for more than 10 years. 

PS no-one will refuse to do that, nobody charges money for that either or else go to office bearers of the any Bar Association of Delhi & they will help you out.

Next, go to Bar Council of Delhi or get your application moved through any of the office bearers of any Bar Association or Bar Council of Delhi.

Fourth Step: Get form verified and submitted:

Get your application verified and submitted at the Basement or Ground Floor wherever the process is undergoing. Application form has a page showing list of documents and order in which they have to be arranged. Do arrange the form and documents in the same order provided therein.



Next, You will be informed about your enrollment on your Whatsapp Number and list is also uploaded on BCD website. You will get your enrollment number then only. Collect your Intimation Letter from BCD office after enrollment and your Identity Card after 30 days of application. 

Next, Certificate of Enrollment is provided only after your registration with any of the Bar Associations of Delhi either district court bar associations of High Court etc. You will require intimation letter while taking membership of the any of these Bar Associations.

Next, step is to use this intimation letter and enrollment number (a lifetime unique number) provided therein to appear for the All India Bar Examination (A.I.B.E.)

All the best for a great career in Litigation. My best wishes.

Saturday, 14 March 2020

Preparing for DU LL.B. Entrance Examination

Step 1: Check the timeline of last year's application form. The university usually invites applications in the months of May and/or June alongside combined DU PG Admission applications. To access a detailed admission bulletin of last year's PG Admission click here. Confirm whether you are eligible for LL.B. Admission by clicking here. (The minimum percentage required for Unreserved Category applicant is 50% in Graduation/Post-Graduation)
Step 2: Look out for last year's cut off marks (or click on 'featured post' at top right corner of this blog to directly access cut off marks) and corresponding category ranks. Total of 6-7 cut off lists are released by University. Higher the rank, better are the chances of one's getting preferred Center. University Hostel are usually allotted to the top 40-50 rank holders out of a total of around 2300 candidates. Campus Law Center is allotted only to top rankers. Set your target here, how many questions you have to attempt in entrance and what rank you have to achieve.

Step 3: (Very Important) While filling up form one needs to mention their preferred law centre. The aspirants considering to work as law or legal research interns should apply for an admission to Law Centre 1 (LC1) as its classes are held from 2 PM to 8 PM, allowing the student to attend courts, which are usually held between 11 AM to 1 PM.

Step 4: Purchase the LATEST edition of (don't buy last year's) DU LLB Entrance guide (preferably one from Singhal Publication AND DO NOT PURCHASE LAST YEAR'S Entrance Guide). This can be purchased from the university's campus in about 600 Rupees. If you buy it online, it can be costly. (And don't worry looking at size of the book, it has all you need to crack the entrance)

Step 5: Sit and go through all the chapters listed in the index of the above mentioned book. These are the different sections that are assessed in the entrance.

Step 7: Practice last year's entrance exams paper(s), preferably with an alarm, as if this were your mock exam. This will allow you to assess your strengths and weakness, and you can plan accordingly for your exam.
Step 8: Look closely at the entrance's pattern: How many questions were asked from which sections? Which section carries the most marks? Never ever leave static portion questions or get them wrong. Ex: never solve maths incorrectly (it would be a blunder as questions are very easy and nobody will do them wrong). The highest number of questions are asked from Constitution Law section. Questions are asked from certain specific Parts of the Constitution, this portion will be static and hardly change. Prepare them well. Prepare from the guide itself. Accordingly, decide which section will you choose and how many questions from which sections will you choose that will ensure your selection. Study smartly. 

Step 9: Read the relevant sections well from the exam guide and practice as many sets as possible.
Step 10: Look at DU LLB's syllabus so that you are aware of the subjects one has to study, and what's there in the course's syllabus. Have at least a basic idea of all the subjects: like what one has to study during the course.

Some important information:

1. There will be 1/4th negative marking in the online entrance exam. 4 marks are awarded for a correct answer and 1 mark is deducted for ever single incorrect answers.

2. Once enrolled in the course, you can also write answer scripts during the semester exams in Hindi.

4. Maintaining a minimum of 70% attendance is mandatory as per rules. (Don't worry!!)

5. There is only 100 marks exams (no internal assessments) with passing marks of 45 at the end of each semester. No load of assignments and presentation like other professional courses.

6. Usually, you will have 2-3 lectures daily (also on Saturday) or maybe on some day you will have no lecture. I mean to say schedule is not so hectic. You will get too much time for studying or preparing for entrance examinations.


GOOD LUCK!! Contact me anytime for any query.

Saturday, 14 July 2018

FAQs: DU LLB Admission: Law Faculty: Cut-off, Timing & Law Centres

These are the difficulties that you may face during the admission process of DU LLB:

1. Choosing a centre i.e. Campus Law Centre (CLC) /Law Centre 1 (LC1) /LC2 (Law Centre 2):

If you forgot your preferences i.e. CLC/LC1/LC2 that you filled up during the registration process, DO NOT WORRY. You will be given another chance. The university will open the admission portal once again for editing. You can change your choice later. If you face any hurdle, contact the concerned faculty members of the Admission Committee or contact the Dean of Law Faculty. 

2. What is the difference between these centres?

Frankly, speaking. Branding, culture and crowd is the difference. Rest everything is almost same. Same teachers teach at all the centres. (in my personal opinion and what i always heard for 3 years)

Yes, timing is different. so choose the centre that best fits your needs:

CLC  08.00 AM to 03.30 PM
LC1   02.00 PM to 07.30 PM
LC2   08.00 Am to 01.30 PM

These are not strict timings. In a week you might not have long classes on a single particular day. On most days there are only 3-4 lectures. But remember, every Saturday is also a working day. You will get vacations only on Gazetted Holidays as per the Central Govt. Click on link given below to see the Holiday Calendar of the university:



3. The last cut off for DU LLB admission:

In 2019, the last candidate to get admission in various categories secured the following scores:

Category   Marks (First & Last cut-off list marks)

UR            222-216 (Unreserved)
OBC         169-161 (non creamy layer)
SC            149-134
ST            102-72
EWS        189-178
PWD        003
CW          158-15

4. Placements in Law Faculty:

As far as the placement is concerned, there has been a small beginning in this direction. Some students have managed to receive a placement this year, and the placement cell is working actively now. This year, approx. 30 students have been placed in KPMG. Frankly speaking, it is not possible to arrange for the placement of 700 candidates every year, and the students of DU LLB do not go for placements themselves as there are so many options already available to them.


DU LLB Admission Process: From Results to Counselling

Once, results are announced by Delhi University by 10th of July, DU further announces cut off lists.

Cut off lists have detailed lists of candidates i.e. category wise list is declared of only those students who are called for counselling.

The total seats for LL.B. in Law Faculty, Delhi University is as follows:

SEAT DISTRIBUTION FOR LL.B. ADMISSIONS:
CLC LC1 LC2 TOTAL
UR 389 389 389 1167
OBC 208 208 208 624
SC 116 115 115 346
ST 57 58 58 173
PwD 39 39 38 116
FN 38 39 39 116
CW 39 38 39 116
Total 886 886 886 2658

Detailed Information regarding DU LLB course and law faculty can be obtained from
Information Bulletin by clicking on the link below:


For, DU LLB Admission (cut off) Lists (of 2019) click on the links below:

1. First Cut off- 
2. Second Cut off- 

3. Third Cut off- 
4. Fourth Cut off-
5. Fifth Cut off-
Counselling process requires a candidate to reach to the given on specified date and time slot. It is just a formality. Your required documents will be verified and submitted.

LIST OF DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE ADMISSION

The applicants shall be required to produce following documents in original with two sets of self-attested photocopies.

1. Class X Board Examination Certificate
2. Class X Marks-Sheet
3. Class XII Marks-Sheet
4. Class XII Original Certificate
5. Provisional Certificate and Marks-Sheet of the Qualifying Examination
6. Character Certificate (recent, six months)
7. SC/ST/PwD/CW Certificate (in the name of the candidate) issued by the competent authority
8. OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) Certificate (in the name of the Candidate) issued by competent authority
9. In case the OBC Certificate is older than 1st April 2016, then a proof for the Non Creamy Layer Status.
10. Migration Certificate: Required for those students who have passed qualifying examination from outside Delhi University
11. At least two passport size self-attested photographs.



Note: Character certificate can be obtained from last institution you are studying or also get it made from any other issuing authority that is local city admin authorities like DM/SDM/MP/MLA or some gazetted officer.

If you do not have some document(s) you can give Undertaking (by filling up form that you will be provided during counselling) that you will submit the same within some allowed say 30 days (usually) time period.


DU LLB Entrance Exam: Important Dates

Delhi University, every year notifies combined ONLINE (only) application forms for PG Admissions. To apply for 3 year (DU has only 3 years) LL.B. program one has to apply through DU PG Admission portal http://admission.du.ac.in/

Application forms usually are announced by University on http://www.du.ac.in/pg-ad.html by 15th of May or by June 15th every year.

Link for admission notification 2018 is given below:


Entrance Exams are conducted mostly by 15-20th of June. Click here to see 2018 schedule for entrance exam;


All the exam related notifications are announced on http://www.du.ac.in/pg-ad.html by DU.

University, first declares result of entrance exam (it has marks, rank etc. of all the appearing candidates) and is declared by 10th of July.

Click on the following links to check DU LLB

Entrance Exam Results 2018:

Entrance Exam Results 2017 :




How to prepare for DU LLB Entrance Exam?

There are two standard practice guides with previous year papers available in market to prepare for DU LLB Entrance exam. 

1. Universal Publication

2. Singhal Publication

Both are almost similar. You can buy either of them from bookshop near Campus Law Center Building, Law Faculty, delhi University (a.k.a CLC old building) at a fixed and discounted price. But remember to buy a latest version. (To practice model sets-- many times questions match exactly in exams from them). I personally find Singhal Publication better and would recommend Singhal.

Paper has two portions I call them Static (Legal Aptitude, Maths, Reasoning etc.) and Dynamic (Current Affairs). Guides have previous year papers as well as model practice sets. Questions of static portion is mostly repeated in exams from both previous year and model sets. Though dynamic portion can have unseen questions but still some questions do come from Model Sets.